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CHAPTER 4106Natural Disasters-An Exposition Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 KOMPETENSI DASARϯ͘κ DĞŵďĞĚĂŬĂŶĨƵŶŐƐŝƐŽƐŝĂů͕ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌƚĞŬƐ͕ĚĂŶƵŶƐƵƌŬĞďĂŚĂƐĂĂŶďĞďĞƌĂƉĂƚĞŬƐĞŬƐƉŽƐŝƐŝĂŶĂůŝƟƐůŝƐĂŶĚĂŶƚƵůŝƐĚĞŶŐĂŶŵĞŵďĞƌŝĚĂŶŵĞŵŝŶƚĂŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƐŝƚĞƌŬĂŝƚŝƐƵĂŬƚƵĂů͕ƐĞƐƵĂŝĚĞŶŐĂŶŬŽŶƚĞŬƐƉĞŶŐŐƵŶĂĂŶŶLJĂκ͘κ dĞŬƐĞŬƐƉŽƐŝƐŝĂŶĂůŝƟƐκ͘κ͘ϭDĞŶĂŶŐŬĂƉŵĂŬŶĂƐĞĐĂƌĂŬŽŶƚĞŬƐƚƵĂůƚĞƌŬĂŝƚĨƵŶŐƐŝƐŽƐŝĂů͕ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌƚĞŬƐ͕ĚĂŶƵŶƐƵƌŬĞďĂŚĂƐĂĂŶƚĞŬƐĞŬƐƉŽƐŝƐŝĂŶĂůŝƟƐůŝƐĂŶĚĂŶƚƵůŝƐ͕ƚĞƌŬĂŝƚŝƐƵĂŬƚƵĂůκ͘κ͘ϮDĞŶLJƵƐƵŶƚĞŬƐĞŬƐƉŽƐŝƐŝĂŶĂůŝƟƐƚƵůŝƐ͕ƚĞƌŬĂŝƚŝƐƵĂŬƚƵĂů͕ĚĞŶŐĂŶŵĞŵƉĞƌŚĂƟŬĂŶĨƵŶŐƐŝƐŽƐŝĂů͕ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌƚĞŬƐ͕ĚĂŶƵŶƐƵƌŬĞďĂŚĂƐĂĂŶ͕ƐĞĐĂƌĂďĞŶĂƌĚĂŶƐĞƐƵĂŝŬŽŶƚĞŬƐBahasa Inggris45Bahasa Inggris45
Global WarmingIs it an end to our world?108 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 Global warming is a phenomenon used to describe the gradual increase in the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is not a new problem but lately people are acknowledging that we are facing a serious problem. Climate change is apparent everywhere. Failed crops, economic slowdown, and deforestaƟon are among the several impacts of global warming.First of all, there is irrefutable evidence that human acƟviƟes have changed the atmosphere of our earth. Since the Ɵme we have been industrializing, we started polluƟng our waters and air, and have been releasing greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.Secondly, according to research by the Greenpeace organizaƟon, there is evidence of extensive deforestaƟon being carried out in Indonesia and other tropical countries around the world. These forests are used to grow crops like palm sugar, palm oil and coffee–the lifeline of Western society (Green-peace report, 2007). The impact of climate change is noƟceable throughout Asia-Pacific, either during hot days or too much rain accompanied by wind and thunderstorm. This has started to affect the economy as well.Furthermore, the shi�ing weather pa�erns have made it difficult for farmers to grow crops. A recent study has shown that due to unpredictable weather pa�erns, there have been lot of failed crops (Reuters, 2007).In conclusion, global warming is not a new problem nor are we solely responsible for it. But as the ciƟzens of the world, we have to take every possible acƟon to help overcome this issue. It is not only for us but for all the future generaƟons to follow.Picture 4.1 Effect of global warming (Source: naƟonalgeographic.com)Discussion1. What is global warming?2. Is it a severe problem? Why?3. What kind of text is given above?Read the text below.A Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK46
An analyƟcal exposiƟon text evaluates a topic criƟcally but focuses only on one side of an argument.The argument and point of view have to be supported by facts and relevant informaƟon. The thesis statement has to be reiterated in the conclusion.In your life if you have tried to persuade anyone on a certain issue or argued relentlessly about something with someone, then you have used an exposiƟon.Social FuncƟonThe purpose of an exposiƟon text is to persuade your audience to look at an issue with your perspecƟve.AnalyƟcal ExposiƟon TextLegal DefensesExamples of exposiƟon texts areLe�ersPoliƟcal LeafletsEssaysNewspaper ArƟclesEditorialsSpeeches/Lectures112 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 BBahasa Inggris47
An exposiƟon text needs to:clearly state the point of view,use valid research findings to support your viewpoint,defend your viewpoint,support the viewpoint with factual data like graphs, pictures, charts.Support the viewpoint with factual data like graphs, pictures, charts.IntroducƟon: States the thesis statement of your text.Conclusion: Restatement of the thesis statement.Title: Structure of ExposiƟon Text:Title:· Tells about the topic of the essay.IntroducƟon:- This is the starƟng point of an exposiƟon essay.- Here you state the topic and establish the point of view (thesis statement).- Introductory statement should be an emoƟonal statement or a quesƟon that is an a�enƟon grabber.- A preview of the points you plan to make to support your thesis (argument).Body:- A series of arguments to convince the audience.- Each paragraph starts with a new argument.- Each paragraph has a main point, reason for the main point and evidence to support the main point.113Bahasa InggrisTells about the topic.Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK48
114 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 - Use of emoƟve words, mental verbs, causal conjuncƟons to persuade the audience.- Each paragraph has to be logically linked to the previous paragraph and to the thesis statement.Conclusion:· Reiterates or restates the thesis statement.· Summarizes what has been stated. doubtless, characterisƟcally, in all probability, etc.Language Features of an ExposiƟon Text:Use descripƟve persuasive words with emoƟve connotaƟons to emphasize your viewpoint. These words can either be posiƟve or negaƟve. Use thesaurus to find an appropriate word. For example:- Instead of using “bad”, USEappalling, unfavorable, ghastly, terrible;- Instead of using “good”, USEfantasƟc, incredible, momentous, remarkable;- Instead of using “persuading”, USE convincing, urging, enƟcing, realisƟc;- Instead of using “persuasive”, USE credible, realisƟc, raƟonal, sane, coherent.Use the present tense such aslions live; I eat; cheetahs run.Use mental verbs such as I believe; I prefer; I agree; I doubt; I disagree.Use saying verbs to support the argument such as people say; it is said; research indicates, etc.Use connecƟng words to link to arguments so that the flow of the arguments is logical and fluent. Some examples are: addiƟonally, furthermore, not only, also, in addiƟon, moreover, likewise,firstly, secondly, etc.Use causal conjuncƟons to indicate a cause or reason of what is being stated. For example: eventhough, yet, otherwise, etc.Use words that express the author's a�tude - to qualify or confirm. For example: will, frequently, may, must, usually, typically, habitually, commonly, (Emilia, 2012) because, consequently, despite, due to, for that reason, in that case, Bahasa Inggris49
Use persuasive techniques:- Use generalizaƟons to support viewpoints or arguments. GeneralizaƟons are common beliefs, general statements.- Use evidence and facts to back up the generalizaƟons like using research, expert opinions, tesƟmonies or quotes.- Use exaggeraƟons to make things or issues appear be�er or worse than they actually are.(Simon & Schuster, 2002)115Bahasa InggrisText OrganizationMotorbikes are a nuisance and a cause for great distress. Even thoughmotorbikes are considered as the most convenient form of transportation, Ithink they are a hazard to humans, animals as well as the environment. I think motorbikes should be banned in housing areas due to the following reasons: cause of amount unreasonableof noise, air pollution, diseases, and accidents.First of all, I would like to point out that motorbikes are a major contributor to the pollution in the world. has Researchshown that motorbikes a deadly gas emitthat is dangerous for the environment. Consequently, long-term emission of gas from motorbikes is a major contributor of global warming (Science Daily).Secondly, according to a report from BBC News Channel, motorbikes are also responsible for causing diseases such as bronchitis, cancer and are a major trigger Introduction(Thesis statement)Argument 1+elaborationArgument 2+ elaborationBanning of motorbikes is necessary in housing areas.Mental verbsI thinkI believeConjunctive relationsFirst of allSecondlyCausal conjunctionsConsequentlyGeneric referenceAccidentsLanguage FeaturesExample of an exposition textKelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK50
of asthma and high blood pressure. Some of the diseases are so ghastly that they can kill people (BBC News, 2009).Furthermore, motorbikes create so much noise. There is “vroom vroom”noise everywhere. It is extremely difficult to sleep. with infants Parentsfind it extremely The challenging.moment their fall asleep, one or babiesanother motorbike passes by and the baby wakes up. It is also for children arduousto concentrate on their homework. Experts are of the opinion that if there is extreme noise, it can lead to deafness and lack of concentraƟon in and childrenadults (Fields, 1993).Finally, motorbikes are responsible for horrible In some cases, there accidents.are deaths. Motorbike riders go so fastthat they are unable to stop on Ɵme thus they end up hi�ng other people or animals. Many Ɵmes a lot of animals are trampled and found dead on the road. Motorbikes are known to be the biggest killers on the road (Fields, 1993).In conclusion, from the arguments above, I strongly believe that motorbikes should be banned from housing areas. Argument 3+elaboraƟonArgument 4+elaboraƟonConclusion(ReiteraƟon of thesis statement)ChildrenParentsExpert opinionExpert Research showPresent tenseAre known116 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 Table 4.1 The example and structure of an exposiƟon textGo so fastAre responsibleBahasa Inggris51
A. The arƟcle given below is incomplete. Complete it using the format of an exposiƟon text and give it a suitable Ɵtle.IntroducƟon (thesis statement)Television is the most popular form of entertainment in every household in Indonesia. However, I think watching television too much especially soap operas and dramas can have negaƟve impacts on the viewers.Argument 1 + ElaboraƟon117Bahasa InggrisArgument 2 + ElaboraƟonConclusion (restatement of thesis statement)CKelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK52
Choose one of the topics given below.A. Passive smoking is a silent killer. B. Why is learning English important?State your arguments or posiƟon on one of the above given issues and then discuss with your partner. For the arguments, you can use some expressions like these: - I would like to remind you ....- It is important for us to ....- I believe that ....- I am convinced that ....- Let me tell you ....- Try to remember ....118 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 DBahasa Inggris53
Student B:A. Passive smoking is a silent killerStudent A: Do you know that passive smoking is more dangerous than acƟve smoking?Student B: I know, but I think it is not as dangerous as people say it is.119Bahasa InggrisYou can use this example to start your conversaƟon:Student A:Student A:Student B:Student A:Student B:Student A:Student B:Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK54
B. Why is learning English important? State your arguments or posiƟon on this issue and then discuss with your partner. You can use this example to start your conversaƟon:Student A: Learning English is important because it is a means of communicaƟon with different people around the world.Student B: I don't think it is important. Student A: I do not agree with you ....Student B:Student A:Student B:Student A:Student B:Student A: Student B:120 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 Bahasa Inggris55
Write an analyƟcal exposiƟon text on any of the recent issues in the media. Give at least two (2) arguments plus an explanaƟon to support your thesis statement. Follow the format of an exposiƟon text given in the building blocks. When you are done wriƟng your first dra�� consult your teacher to get a feedback on your wriƟng.121Bahasa InggrisDra����EKelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK56
121Bahasa InggrisDra����Bahasa Inggris57
121Bahasa InggrisFinal Dra��Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK58
Choose one of the acƟviƟes given below.1. You have been chosen as the project officer for showcasing an exciƟng wildlife art exhibiƟon on the fauna and flora of Indonesia. The purpose of this wildlife showcase is to raise money to support conservaƟon of nearly exƟnct animals in Indonesia. You have to write an exposiƟon text on conservaƟon of animals and use this exposiƟon text as your speech for the opening of the event. You will also make posters to depict the plight of innocent creatures that are killed or captured by poachers.2. Create a pamphlet or a movie to educate people in your school on “Dangers of drug abuse and cigare�e smoking.”Make sure to put lots of pictures in your pamphlet.Examples of pamphletPicture 4.2 Pamphlets (Source: designstore.ir)122 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 FBahasa Inggris59
My plan to overcome the difficulƟes of this chapterThe text was easy to understand.I know how to write an exposiƟon text.I can create a pamphlet.I can write an exposiƟon text.I know the format of an exposiƟon text.DefinitelyMaybeNoNot at allYesI can do this.Complete these statements.1. The most interesƟng thing I learned in this chapter was ........2. The part I enjoyed most was ........3. I would like to find more about ........4. The hardest part in this chapter was ........5. I need to work harder at ........Read the statements below and Ɵck ( ) the opƟon that is most applicable to you.124 Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Semester 2 GKelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK60